RULE 47. JURORS
(a) Examination of Jurors. The court shall
conduct the examination of prospective jurors and may permit such supplemental
examination by counsel as it deems proper.
[As amended; effective March 16, 1964.]
(b) Alternate Jurors. The court may direct
that not more than six jurors in addition to the regular jury be called and
impanelled to sit as alternate jurors. Alternate jurors in the order in which
they are called shall replace jurors who, prior to the time the jury retires
to consider its verdict, become or are found to be unable or disqualified to
perform their duties. Alternate jurors shall be drawn in the same manner, shall
have the same qualifications, shall be subject to the same examination and challenges,
shall take the same oath, and shall have the same functions, powers, facilities,
and privileges as the regular jurors. An alternate juror who does not replace
a regular juror shall be discharged after the jury retires to consider its verdict.
Each side is entitled to 1 peremptory challenge in addition to those otherwise
allowed by law if 1 or 2 alternate jurors are to be impanelled, 2 peremptory
challenges if 3 or 4 alternate jurors are to be impanelled, and 3 peremptory
challenges if 5 or 6 alternate jurors are to be impanelled. The additional peremptory
challenges may be used against an alternate juror only, and the other peremptory
challenges allowed by law shall not be used against an alternate juror.
[As amended; effective September 27, 1971.]
RULE 48. JURIES OF LESS THAN TWELVE
The parties may stipulate that the jury shall consist
of four or eight jurors rather than twelve.
[As amended; effective March 16, 1964.]
RULE 49. SPECIAL VERDICTS AND INTERROGATORIES
(a) Special Verdicts. The court may require a jury to return only a special verdict in the form of a special written finding upon each issue of fact. In that event the court may submit to the jury written questions susceptible of categorical or other brief answer or may submit written forms of the several special findings which might properly be made under the pleadings and evidence; or it may use such other method of submitting the issues and requiring the written findings thereon as it deems most appropriate. The court shall give to the jury such explanation and instruction concerning the matter thus submitted as may be necessary to enable the jury to make its findings upon each issue. If in so doing the court omits any issue of fact raised by the pleadings or by the evidence, each party waives his right to a trial by jury of the issue so omitted unless before the jury retires he demands its submission to the jury. As to an issue omitted without such demand the court may make a finding; or, if it fails to do so, it shall be deemed to have made a finding in accord with the judgment on the special verdict.
(b) General Verdict Accompanied by Answer to Interrogatories. The court may submit to the jury, together with appropriate forms for a general verdict, written interrogatories upon one or more issues of fact the decision of which is necessary to a verdict. The court shall give such explanation or instruction as may be necessary to enable the jury both to make answers to the interrogatories and to render a general verdict, and the court shall direct the jury both to make written answers and to render a general verdict. When the general verdict and the answers are harmonious, the court shall direct the entry of the appropriate judgment upon the verdict and answers. When the answers are consistent with each other but one or more is inconsistent with the general verdict, the court may direct the entry of judgment in accordance with the answers, notwithstanding the general verdict or may return the jury for further consideration of its answers and verdict or may order a new trial. When the answers are inconsistent with each other and one or more is likewise inconsistent with the general verdict, the court shall not direct the entry of judgment but may return the jury for further consideration of its answers and verdict or may order a new trial.
RULE 50. MOTION FOR A DIRECTED VERDICT AND FOR JUDGMENT NOTWITHSTANDING THE VERDICT
(a) Motion for Directed Verdict: When Made;
Effect. A motion for a directed verdict may be made at the close of the evidence
offered by an opponent or at the close of the case. A party who moves for a
directed verdict at the close of the evidence offered by an opponent may offer
evidence in the event that the motion is not granted, without having reserved
the right so to do and to the same extent as if the motion had not been made.
A motion for a directed verdict which is not granted is not a waiver of trial
by jury even though all parties to the action have moved for directed verdicts.
A motion for a directed verdict shall state the specific grounds therefor. The
order of the court granting a motion for a directed verdict is effective without
any assent of the jury. If the evidence is sufficient to sustain a verdict for
the opponent, the motion shall not be granted.
[As amended; effective March 16, 1964.]
(b) Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict.
Not later than 10 days after service of written notice of entry of judgment,
a party, whether or not he has moved for a directed verdict, may move to have
the verdict and any judgment entered thereon set aside and to have judgment
entered in accordance with his motion; or if a verdict was not returned, such
party, within 10 days after the jury has been discharged, may move for judgment
in accordance with his motion. A motion for a new trial may be joined with this
motion, or a new trial may be prayed for in the alternative. If a verdict was
returned the court may allow the judgment to stand or may reopen the judgment
and either order a new trial or direct the entry of judgment as if the requested
verdict had been directed. If no verdict was returned the court may direct the
entry of judgment as if the requested verdict had been directed or may order
a new trial.
[As amended; effective September 27, 1971.]
(c) Same: Conditional Rulings on Grant of Motion.
(1) If the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, provided for in subdivision (b) of this rule, is granted, the court shall also rule on the motion for a new trial, if any, by determining whether it should be granted if the judgment is thereafter vacated or reversed, and shall specify the grounds for granting or denying the motion for the new trial. If the motion for a new trial is thus conditionally granted, the order thereon does not affect the finality of the judgment. In case the motion for a new trial has been conditionally granted and the judgment is reversed on appeal, the new trial shall proceed unless the appellate court has otherwise ordered. In case the motion for a new trial has been conditionally denied, the appellee on appeal may assert error in that denial; and if the judgment is reversed on appeal, subsequent proceedings shall be in accordance with the order of the appellate court.
(2) The party whose verdict has been set aside
on motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict may serve a motion for a
new trial pursuant to Rule 59 not later than 10 days after service of written
notice of entry of the judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
[Added; effective March 16, 1964.]
(d) Same: Denial of Motion. If the motion for
judgment notwithstanding the verdict is denied, the party who prevailed on that
motion may, as appellee, assert grounds entitling him to a new trial in the
event the appellate court concludes that the trial court erred in denying the
motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. If the appellate court reverses
the judgment, nothing in this rule precludes it from determining that the appellee
is entitled to a new trial, or from directing the trial court to determine whether
a new trial shall be granted.
[Added; effective March 16, 1964.]
RULE 51. INSTRUCTIONS TO JURY: OBJECTION
At the close of the evidence or at such earlier time
as the court reasonably directs, any party may file written requests that the
court instruct the jury on the law as set forth in the requests. The court shall
inform counsel of its proposed action upon the requests prior to their arguments
to the jury, but the court shall instruct the jury after the arguments are completed;
provided, if either party demand it the court must settle and give the instructions
to the jury before the argument begins, but this shall not prevent the giving
of further instructions which may become necessary by reason of the argument.
No party may assign as error the giving or the failure to give an instruction
unless he objects thereto before the jury retires to consider its verdict, stating
distinctly the matter to which he objects and the grounds of his objection.
Opportunity shall be given to make the objection out of the hearing of the jury.
The jury shall be permitted to take to the jury room the written instructions
given by the court, or a true copy thereof.
[As amended; effective February 15, 1955.]